🦎 General Info

Rhino Iguanas (Cyclura cornuta) are large, robust, and prehistoric-looking lizards native to the Caribbean, primarily the island of Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic). They are named for the prominent horn-like structures on their snouts, with males generally having larger “horns” and bulkier bodies.

Adults are 3–4.5 feet in total length, with males significantly larger and more muscular than females. Rhino iguanas are intelligent, territorial, and can develop strong bonds with their keepers when socialized from a young age. With proper care, they can live 15–20+ years in captivity.

Enclosure

  • Size - Rhino iguanas are large and need substantial space:

    • Juveniles: 4–6 ft long enclosure with plenty of vertical space

    • Subadults: Minimum 6 ft x 4 ft x 4 ft

    • Adults: Minimum 8–10 ft x 6 ft x 6 ft

    • Bigger is always better to allow climbing, basking, and roaming.

  • Material

    • Sturdy PVC or custom wooden enclosures are preferred

    • Glass terrariums are typically insufficient for adults

    • Must be secure—Rhino iguanas are strong and curious

  • Substrate

    • Organic topsoil or coconut coir

    • Cypress mulch or bioactive substrate

    • Depth: 4–6 inches for digging and burrowing

  • Décor

    • Large branches and logs for climbing

    • Thick hides on both cool and warm sides

    • Rocks or flat stones for basking

    • Live or artificial plants for cover and enrichment

Temperature & Lighting

  • Basking Spot - 100–110°F

    • Use a halogen heat bulb or ceramic heat emitter

  • Ambient Temperature

    • 80–90°F during the day

    • Cool side: 75–80°F

    • Night Temperature: 70–75°F

  • UVB Lighting

    • UVB lighting is essential for metabolism function and absorption of vitamins

    • T5 HO 10–12% UVB or equivalent is required, replace bulbs every 6–12 months according to the manufacture

  • Day/Night Cycle

    • Day/night cycle: 12–14 hours of light daily

    • Diurnal species, most active during the day

Humidity & Water

  • Humidity - 60–80%

  • Maintaining humidity

    • Provide damp substrate or a humid hide for shedding

    • Mist the enclosure as needed

  • Water

    • Large, shallow water dish for drinking and soaking

    • Change water daily or whenever soiled

    • Rhino iguanas often defecate in water, so a durable, easy-to-clean bowl is essential

Diet

  • Type: herbivorous - but juveniles may accept small amounts of protein occasionally.

  • Staple Foods

    • Leafy greens: collard, mustard, dandelion, kale

    • Vegetables: squash, bell peppers, carrots, green beans

    • Occasional fruits: berries, mango, papaya

  • Occasional Treats

    • Small insects (juveniles only)

    • Flowers (hibiscus, dandelion)

  • Supplements

    • Calcium powder: 3–4× per week

    • Reptile multivitamin: 1–2× per week

    • Ensure all leafy greens are well-washed and pesticide-free.

Behavior & Handling

  • Temperament - Rhino Iguana’s are really intelligent and curious, and often times bond with their keepers and end up being pretty docile. Males can get a little territorial during breeding season but without a female around they are pretty calm. Although on the bigger side, they tend to make pretty good pets.

  • Handling

    • Start with short sessions

    • Support the full body and avoid sudden movements

    • Regular interaction helps tame them, but respect their space

  • Enrichment

    • Climbing structures and logs

    • Rearrange décor occasionally to stimulate exploration

    • Safe outdoor time in a secure pen for natural UV exposure

Health & Lifespan

  • Lifespan: 15–20+ years with proper care

  • Common Health Issues

    • Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD): from poor UVB or calcium deficiency

    • Respiratory infections: from low temperatures or poor ventilation

    • Parasites: monitor feces and enclosure cleanliness

    • Obesity: Rhino iguanas tend to overeat, monitor portions

  • Signs of Illness

    • Lethargy or decreased appetite

    • Swollen limbs or joints

    • Abnormal shedding

    • Wheezing or gaping

    • Sudden weight loss or bloating

  • Veterinary Care: Professional veterinary care should always be consulted when you think your pet may have an issue. Watch for signs of illness, catching an issue early on goes a long way.

🦎 Final Thoughts

Rhino Iguanas are large, intelligent, and rewarding reptiles for dedicated keepers. They require spacious enclosures, strong UVB, high-quality diet, and regular interaction to thrive. With proper care, they become curious, confident, and long-lived companions, providing a truly impressive display in any collection.