🦎 General Info

Rhino Iguanas (Cyclura cornuta) are large, robust, and prehistoric-looking lizards native to the Caribbean, primarily the island of Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic). They are named for the prominent horn-like structures on their snouts, with males generally having larger “horns” and bulkier bodies.

Adults are 3–4.5 feet in total length, with males significantly larger and more muscular than females. Rhino iguanas are intelligent, territorial, and can develop strong bonds with their keepers when socialized from a young age. With proper care, they can live 15–20+ years in captivity.

1. Enclosure

Size

Rhino iguanas are large and need substantial space:

  • Juveniles: 4–6 ft long enclosure with plenty of vertical space

  • Subadults: Minimum 6 ft x 4 ft x 4 ft

  • Adults: Minimum 8–10 ft x 6 ft x 6 ft

Bigger is always better to allow climbing, basking, and roaming.

Material

  • Sturdy PVC or custom wooden enclosures are preferred

  • Glass terrariums are typically insufficient for adults

  • Must be secure—Rhino iguanas are strong and curious

Substrate

  • Organic topsoil or coconut coir

  • Cypress mulch or bioactive substrate

  • Depth: 4–6 inches for digging and burrowing

Décor

  • Large branches and logs for climbing

  • Thick hides on both cool and warm sides

  • Rocks or flat stones for basking

  • Live or artificial plants for cover and enrichment

2. Temperature & Lighting

Basking Spot

  • 100–110°F

  • Use a halogen heat bulb or ceramic heat emitter

Ambient Temperature

  • 80–90°F during the day

  • Cool side: 75–80°F

  • Night Temperature: 70–75°F

UVB Lighting

  • T5 HO 10–12% UVB or equivalent is required

  • Replace bulbs every 6–12 months

  • Proper UVB prevents Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD)

Day/Night Cycle

  • 12–14 hours of light daily

  • Diurnal species, most active during the day

3. Humidity & Water

Humidity

  • 60–80% is ideal

  • Provide damp substrate or a humid hide for shedding

  • Mist the enclosure as needed

Water

  • Large, shallow water dish for drinking and soaking

  • Change water daily or whenever soiled

  • Rhino iguanas often defecate in water, so a durable, easy-to-clean bowl is essential

4. Diet

Rhino iguanas are primarily herbivorous, but juveniles may accept small amounts of protein occasionally.

Staple Foods

  • Leafy greens: collard, mustard, dandelion, kale

  • Vegetables: squash, bell peppers, carrots, green beans

  • Occasional fruits: berries, mango, papaya

Occasional Treats

  • Small insects (juveniles only)

  • Flowers (hibiscus, dandelion)

Supplements

  • Calcium powder: 3–4× per week

  • Reptile multivitamin: 1–2× per week

Ensure all leafy greens are well-washed and pesticide-free.

5. Behavior & Handling

Temperament

  • Intelligent, curious, and moderately docile when socialized

  • Males can be territorial, especially during breeding season

  • Juveniles are more skittish; adults tolerate handling with proper acclimation

Handling

  • Start with short sessions

  • Support the full body and avoid sudden movements

  • Regular interaction helps tame them, but respect their space

Enrichment

  • Climbing structures and logs

  • Rearrange décor occasionally to stimulate exploration

  • Safe outdoor time in a secure pen for natural UV exposure

6. Health & Lifespan

Lifespan

  • 15–20+ years with proper care

Common Health Issues

  • Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD): from poor UVB or calcium deficiency

  • Respiratory infections: from low temperatures or poor ventilation

  • Parasites: monitor feces and enclosure cleanliness

  • Obesity: Rhino iguanas tend to overeat, monitor portions

Signs of Illness

  • Lethargy or decreased appetite

  • Swollen limbs or joints

  • Abnormal shedding

  • Wheezing or gaping

  • Sudden weight loss or bloating

Vet Care

  • Seek an experienced reptile veterinarian for any of the above symptoms

  • Regular check-ups help prevent long-term issues

🦎 Final Notes

Rhino Iguanas are large, intelligent, and rewarding reptiles for dedicated keepers. They require spacious enclosures, strong UVB, high-quality diet, and regular interaction to thrive. With proper care, they become curious, confident, and long-lived companions, providing a truly impressive display in any collection.